Propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is a rare and potentially fatal medical condition caused by prolonged use of high doses of anesthetic propofol. PRIS can lead to severe muscle damage, cardiac arrest, metabolic acidosis, and multi-organ failure. Alternative terms for PRIS include propofol-related infusion syndrome, propofol-associated hypertriglyceridemia, propofol toxicity, and propofol infusion toxic syndrome. The use of these synonyms can help to broaden medical awareness and increase recognition of this serious condition. Early recognition and prompt treatment of PRIS are essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality.