Selective mutism is a communication disorder that affects mainly children and sometimes adults. It involves difficulty in speaking in certain social situations, despite being able to speak comfortably in others. It is also known as elective mutism or situational mutism as it occurs selectively in certain circumstances. Other synonyms that may describe this condition include speech phobia, silent anxiety, quiet frustration, cautious communication, and social anxiety related mutism. Diagnosis and treatment of this condition may involve counseling, behavior therapy, medication, or a combination of these approaches. If untreated, selective mutism can negatively impact individuals' social and academic development, self-esteem, and overall quality of life.