Chauvinisms refers to excessive or undue patriotism, blind allegiance to one's country, race, or gender. It is a negative trait that often leads to discrimination and bias against other groups. Synonyms for chauvinisms include bigotry, prejudice, jingoism, chauvinism, nationalism, ethnocentrism, tribalism, racism, sexism, and xenophobia. Ethnocentrism and nationalism express the same sentiments as chauvinism but are more focused on one's ethnicity or country. Jingoism is an extreme form of nationalism that involves aggressive behavior towards other countries. Bigotry, prejudice, racism, sexism, and xenophobia all involve a biased attitude towards certain groups of people based on their race, gender, or country of origin.